Birth Control: IUD (Intrauterine Device)

Pregnancy rates

Talk to your doctor about the effectiveness of this birth control method.

Types of IUDs

IUD insertion is done in the doctor’s office. Two types of IUDs are available:

• The copper IUD releases a small amount of copper into the uterus. The copper makes it harder for sperm to reach the egg. The device works for about 10 years.

• The progestin IUD releases a hormone called progestin. It causes changes in the uterus to help prevent pregnancy. The device works for 3 to 8 years, depending on which device is chosen. It may be recommended if you have anemia or heavy and painful periods.

IUDs have thin strings that hang from the opening of the uterus into the vagina. This lets you check that the IUD stays in place.

Things to know about IUDs

• IUDs can be used if you have never been pregnant or if you have a history of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or tubal pregnancy.

• It won't move from the uterus to any other part of the body.

• There is a slight risk of the device coming out of the vagina (expulsion).

• It may not work if you have an abnormally shaped uterus.

• A copper IUD may cause heavier periods and cramping.

• A progestin IUD may cause light periods or no periods at all (irregular bleeding or spotting is possible and normal during the first 3 to 6 months).

• If you get a sexually transmitted infection with an IUD in place, symptoms may be more severe.

What to report to your doctor

Be sure your doctor knows if you have:

• A sexually transmitted infection (STI) or possible STI.

• Liver problems.

• Blood clots (for progestin IUD only).

• Breast cancer or a history of breast cancer (progestin IUD only).